![]() ![]() The findings revealed significant improvement on the L2 writing performances and attitudes of IB learners. NVivo 11 software program was used during the coding process. The qualitative data was analyzed through Open coding-Axial Coding-Selective Coding procedure to find out themes and to generate a grounding theory. Participant's attitude on writing to the test was investigated through structured interviews before and after the intervention program. The quantitative data analyses included descriptive statistics. A questionnaire to evaluate the participants' perception of writing to the test before and after interventions was used. To increase the inter rater reliability, along with the researcher, another IB BM content teacher of the same IB World School and two L2 English teachers participated in the rating process. ![]() The IBO BM Mark bands and Mark schemes, the public version of IELTS Writing Task 2, writing band descriptors, and a tailor made rhetorical functions assessment rubric were used as instruments of data collection. Two final-exam like tests for the BM subject of the IB Diploma Program were administered before and after the intervention program. A selection of business content case samples provided by IB Organization (IBO) was integrated into classroom tasks. Therefore, an explicit writing intervention program was designed and implemented. Inspired by Trimble's Rhetorical Process approach, it is assumed that an intervention aiming to teach text organization via applications of rhetorical elements explicitly would improve the achievement of CLIL learners. ![]() It is aimed to first identify the needs of participants in dealing with writing short essay exam answers to the IB BM exams. The participants were IB Diploma Program learners taking Business Management (BM) courses. The classroom setting was at an International Baccalaureate (IB) World School in Istanbul. He aim of this quasi-experimental research is to investigate the extent of improving Rhetorical Organization skills in Second Language (L2) English writing of secondary students through formal instructions in a specific Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) context. There were also several unexpected findings, and research is recommended in areas including the input of scripts (handwriting versus typed), the relations between task and genre, and the ‘management of voices’ in candidate responses in relation to academic writing more generally. The measures found to be good indicators of band score regardless of candidate L1 were text length, reading ease and word frequency in the quantitative analysis, and genre and use of Attitude in the discourse analysis. A range of measures (quantitative and discourse analytic) did not show any difference according to L1. Some differences were also found in the discourse analysis, with scripts of European-based L1 candidates more likely to use a typical generic structure in higher bands, and the scripts of Hindi L1 candidates showing slightly different discursive patterns in Appraisal from the other two groups. These included: readability at band 7 between European-based L1 and Hindi L1 scripts lexical diversity at band scores 5 and 6 between European-based L1 and Hindi L1 scripts word frequency at band 7 between Hindi L1 and European-based L1 scripts cohesion at band 6 between Arabic L1 and European-based L1 scripts and cohesion also at band 7 between Hindi L1 and Arabic L1 scripts. Significant differences were also found between the three L1 categories at the same band scores. Descriptive statistics of textual features indicate that, overall, scripts with higher band scores (6 and 7) were found to be more complex (using less frequent words, greater lexical diversity, and more syntactic complexity) than cohesive. Discourse analysis was conducted on a subset of 54 texts, using genre analysis and Appraisal Theory from Systemic Functional Linguistics. Quantitative analysis was conducted on 254 scripts, measuring text length, readability of the scripts, Word Frequency Level (WFL), lexical diversity, grammatical complexity, incidence of all connectives, and two measures of coreferentiality (argument and stem overlap). The scripts came from candidates representing three L1 groups (Arabic L1, Hindi L1, and European-based L1) and three band scores (band 5, 6, and 7). The findings show that candidates’ first language is one of several factors related to the band score they achieve. Knox, Macquarie University, Australia Grant awarded: RoAbstract This project examines the responses of IELTS candidates to Task 2 of the Academic Writing Test, exploring the relations between candidates’ first language, their band score, and the language features of their texts. An investigation of the relations between test-takers’ first language and the discourse of written performance on the IELTS Academic Writing Test, Task 2 Author: A.
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![]() While the mullet was traditionally a men’s look, it’s gaining popularity for women, especially those looking for a punk hairstyle. How edgy and unique is this mohawk featuring vintage victory rolls? Black riot girls with naturally curly hair will find it easier to style, but it’s sure to look stunning on any woman. The off center part emphasizes the unusual cut, and straightened hair creates a heavy side bang. When riot girls need to be professional, this asymmetrical pixie saves the day. The sides of the hair are smoothed and pinned back to create the mohawk shape up top down the middle. When you’re going out, resist the temptation to play it safe and instead try this faux hawk for wavy hair. To get sexy messy texture, straighten your hair, then spritz with hairspray before using a comb to part hair unevenly. Not afraid to use multiple colors in your hair? Consider this short layered haircut. Straightening it will give it longer length that will look better when brushed up to one side and spiked up in the back. If you’re willing to spend a little more time to get the perfect riot girl hair, consider this straightened pixie. If your base color is naturally dark, add a couple highlights for accent. Is your hair naturally curly to the point of being kinked or coiled? Show off that amazing texture in a punk pixie with an undercut. When you get to the top, connect them and wind it around one side of your head to pin back. Just flip the traditional style and start from the bottom. The badness it radiates will be even stronger with two straight shaved lines on the sides of your head.Įven short-haired women can wear braids and make them punk. This short asymmetrical pixie stands out amazingly with its straightened tresses and baby bangs.Ī buzz cut is the quintessential riot girl haircut. With an electric red detailing up your nails, lips, and hair, you’ll have one fierce riot girl look. Whether you have braids, dreads, or twists, style up a short ‘do in a cute half ponytail or in two ponytails at the back of your head. Give your curly hair the perfect blend of femininity and edge by shaving the bottom half of your hair and coloring it all platinum blonde. No riot girl would doubt the efficacy of an undercut on short hair. Get this cut’s texture at the crown by working in a hair gel or creme with your fingers and shaping hair up. Try the magnificent color trio on a short messy pixie. On a long layered pixie or short bob, your mane’s thick body will look flawless.īlack women always look amazing in blonde, caramel, and brown hair colors. A cute half ponytail is always in style.įor riot girls who love playing with color, don’t be afraid to try a bold magenta. This faded blue livens up a bluntly cut short haircut with bangs. This women’s faux hawk features long hair framed by two shaved sides and stands out in a bright color combination of pink and orange.Īny short hairstyle can instantly be given a punk touch with color. Mohawks are traditionally spiked, unless they’re short. ![]() If you’re brave enough to crop your hair and play around with a laid-back tousled style, you can rock a punk coif that appears “straight” when necessary. You don’t have to go for the extreme short punk hairstyles. We shudder to consider the upkeep involved here with regards to the colors, but that sharp point is easy to recreate. ![]() Once upon a time, these haircuts were scoffed at and giggled over, but now that punk style is on-trend, they’re the go-to coifs for extreme inspiration. This is the kind of look you see in the style look at the salon. ![]() The colors are to-die-for, too-the peachy pink is modern and feminine, and it contrasts beautifully with the gray. This veers close to a faux hawk since the sides and back aren’t clean shaven, but we love it, so we’re not being picky. The Mohawk is one of the most significant short punk hairstyles for women and men. Everything about this short shag hairstyle is tousled and unkempt-and those details make it fabulous. It’s more concerned with sharp edges than straight ones. Her eyeliner is hell on-point, too, but the hair is the icing on this gorgeous punk/goth cake. Cropped Back and Baby Bangsįrom the style and color of those baby emo bangs to the long sides and that bitchin’ crossbones, this is one of our favorite short punk hairstyles. Why the ‘short’ specification? Because during the heyday of punk, it was still seen as rebellious for burgeoning riot girls to cut their hair short. Punk will never die and neither will short punk hairstyles. |
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