![]() TDA investigates the underlying structure of the brain network, which has high-dimensional relations. In this study, we adopted topological data analysis (TDA) to bypass the threshold problem. Since there is no gold standard to set a threshold, studies investigating brain networks have applied various thresholds, which may lead to inconsistent results. There are several reasons for this inconsistency, such as sample heterogeneity, different network definitions such as nodes and edges, and different network thresholds. The abnormal functional connectivity in children with ASD through the direct comparison of correlation matrices with children showing typical development (TD) was inconsistent across different studies. In general, functional connectivity based on correlation using resting state fMRI was measured as the pair-wise connection between regions (or nodes). Since ASD is an early onset disease and brain development is fundamental for disease onset, it is important to explore the brain network connectivity at a younger age. Moreover, the majority of the previous studies on the functional connectivity in ASD have targeted subjects aged ≥7 years, and there are insufficient studies on functional connectivity in young children with ASD. However, studies on the strength of functional connectivity in the DMN are inconsistent. ![]() Several studies reported that dysfunction of the DMN is associated with social deficits in children and adults with ASD. The DMN is a well-known brain network overlapping with the social brain network, which is activated during social cognition. Previous studies have reported that the DMN is one of the most informative brain networks for distinguishing between ASD individuals and healthy controls. Įvidence regarding abnormalities in the functional connectivity in ASD has gradually accumulated, and it has been suggested that changes in the major brain networks such as default mode network (DMN) are important in the pathogenesis of ASD. Altered functional connectivity in ASD has been highly reported through rs-fMRI studies, but the findings regarding under- and over-connectivity in the resting brain are inconsistent. Studies are being actively conducted to extract ASD-specific brain circuits, and functional brain networks using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) have been widely used to explore features of ASD. Although no clear mechanism related to the abnormal brain development in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been identified, the understanding of the neurobiological causes of ASD is gradually increasing, and research on neuroimaging plays an important role.
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